The great anthropologist Ernest Gellner claimed that science as it has traditionally been done requires a world that is granular: one in which we can isolate facts from one another for study as easily as we can pick up single pebbles in the desert. Being unconnected with each other, such facts can be used as independent evidence in the judgment of theory. And they are hard, substantial facts, unaffected by theory. In such a world we can easily determine what few important connections exist, analyzing, for example, the relation of intelligence to educational opportunities, parental IQ, and other seemingly distinct variables.