ithnithmBookC_StringPrint_SetupTPrintStartupSound_TabLISTBook_PrefsAct List Scene Drawing_Model Draw_Specs diagram_struct_arrayDependentsScriptPad_ListManuscriptPlayPlay_PrefsModelSubscript_Set_ListSubscript_SetArraySimulation_ModelRun_Specsentity_struct_arrayentity_structint16_arraydouble_arraytoken_type_arraytoken_type run_handle_array!Draw_Index"Poster_Info#queue$Units%diagram_struct&Point_array'movie_attach(Picture_Tab)Pad*Model_Index_array+graph_type,curve_type_array-curve_type.Model_Index/AliasRecord0Pathname1Panel2Sector_Specs3SET4Sense_Setup5select_struct_array6select_struct7allow_struct_array8allow_struct9Picture_array:Picture;Section_List<Font_Map=Font_Map_Record_Array>Font_Map_Record?Window_List@Model_WindowAPad_WindowB@@2 <ftF 1y.xxHH,6;DGHH,6d'Dɷ/ 3d* ,,X     t    JJ!  drmd   2sP2r@@2qbJPP??@#2   V1T 1""##  V!ʀ(1 Dim_Name_1 !6upperlower water_columndjj@f?half days 2c ?I Ԇn?Z[??@@†rL?I Ԇn?Z[?y>AT?I Ԇn????y ˫@?I Ԇn??y>A<indicated_Fe2_efflux((effective_diffusion_cofficient*(Conc_Fe2_porewater_upper_sediment-conc_Fe2_lower))/((depth_sediment_layers)/2))*bioturbation_factor wm,,      w    m  !" ##$%c Ah9<'A?Ah9<'???Z?floating_lyngbya respirationIF day_night_switch>1 THEN C_in_floating_lyngbya_biomass*normal_lyngbya__respiration_rate*oxygen_limitation_factor_upper ELSE 0hQ V4 h        Q    !" ##$%c4Aaϑ<5??Aaϑ<5Au_Y???Au?AuVC_in_floating lyngbya_biomass5FLOATING_LYNGBYA_BIOMASS*ratio_C_to__Lyngbya_biomass     !" ##$%c ???????????????!normal_lyngbya_ respiration_rate.05   ? !" ##$%c AppA?AppAdE???AdD*Z?AAk floating_lyngbya C_uptakeIF day_night_switch<1 THEN (growth_per_day_floating_lyngbya*ratio_C_to__Lyngbya_biomass)+lagged_floating_lyngbya_respiration ELSE 0h U4 h            !C uptake takes place over 12 hour period. Amount of C uptake is equal to C in growth, plus C in growth in preceeding 12 hour period, plus C respired in preceeding 12 hour period. " ##$% c t?1 THEN C_in_seagrass*normal_seagrass_respiration_rate*oxygen_limitation_factor_lower ELSE 0hC64 h      C      !" ##$%c_?*6C-?*6C-???*6C-?*6C-?*6C-?*6C-2????*6C-?*6C-??*6C-ratio_Fe_to_lyngbya_biomass.0002WX !J   ?*6 C-!3SERGIO A. SAUDO-WILHELMY*, ADAM B. KUSTKA*, CHRISTOPHER J. GOBLER, DAVID A. HUTCHINS, MIN YANG*, KAMAZIMA LWIZA*, JAMES BURNS, DOUGLAS G. CAPONE, JOHN A. RAVEN & EDWARD J. CARPENTER. 2001. Phosphorus limitation of nitrogen fixation by Trichodesmium in the central Atlantic Ocean. Nature 411, 66-69. " ##$%c+/@WA?ə@Y@/4| ?mQwJ|@WA?ə@VZb?ə???@Vi ?ə?@VX8,Lyngbya_biomass_as_percent_of_carrying_capa0(total_lyngbya_biomass_/lyngbya_carry_capa)*100    d  !" ##$%c?333333?333333???333333?333333?333333?333333????333333?333333??333333ratio_C_in_seagrass.3   ?33 3333!" ##$%c $AZ AɥRH??AZ AɥRHAɥ^~AZ ???AɩAZ ?AɥRHC_in_seagrass%SEAGRASS_BIOMASS*ratio_C_in_seagrass=  =   !" ##$%ck AQ$4??AQ$4ABYm???ABW&ݯH?ABGLޮseagrass_C_uptakelIF day_night_switch<1 THEN (seagrass_growth_per_day*ratio_C_in_seagrass)+lagged_seagrass_respiration ELSE 0h74 h            !C uptake takes place over 12 hour period. Amount of C uptake is equal to C in growth, plus C in growth in preceeding 12 hour period, plus C respired in preceeding 12 hour period. " ##$%c@$@$??@$@$@$@$???@$@$?@$time_for_loss_to_drift10 !" ##$%c(AcALƜ ??AcALƜ A^|fAc???A^zkAc?A^vs#\(seagrass_growth_per_day)seagrass_growth+DELAY(seagrass_growth,1)A A A     !" ##$%c+A/4@ ??A/4@ A-h,YA&`???A-ȡJ A&`?A. C_in_seagrass_detritus_decay,seagrass_detritus_decay*ratio_C_in_seagrass@6  @   !" ##$%c9 ?oUP???oUP=L4ٌ???=Oon?=L;cpulse_Fe_com_to_lower:((inflow_Fe_complex_pulse*(depth_bottom_layer/2))/area)/2uk9%$ u k    9    !" ##$%c+?&sEr?&sEr???&sEr?&sEr?&sEr?&sEr????&sEr?&sEr??&sErnormal_influx_Fe_com_to_upper,normal_influx_Fe_comp*(depth_upper_layer/2)      !" ##$%c ?ip?ip???ip?ip?ip?ip????ip?ip??ip torutosity1-(LOGN(porosity^2))g  g      !" ##$%c#>???????????????$fractional_rate_floating_to_surface.1   ? !" ##$%c/>;>;??>;>;>;>;???>;>;?>;effective_diffusion_cofficient0(porosity/torutosity)*Fe2_diffusion_coefficientgi` g   i  !" ##$%c5???????????????detritus sinking_time1 !" ##$%s3A?ٰN>0d???ٰN>0d>Z? ??????b(???>Z? FE_COMPLEX_LOWER4initial_concentration_Fe_complex*depth_bottom_layerk #$&-'% '-&   k  !" ##$%s B?T΅jN??ZxÃ/?T΅jN>! mT???>b:^Z?>! mT FE2_LOWER0 #$.(+,H!(.+ !" ##$%f#L?hiwP>E???hiwP>E>U8?N .B???>U8?N .B>|\1 precip_Fe_comp_upper$DELAY((decay_Fe_complex_upper/2),1)Z" Z      !" ##$%f!eD?qcp6>vn???qcp6>vn?^G >XR????^G >XR ?Q*"benthic_lyngbya uptake_Fe_complexf(benthic_lyngbya_growth*ratio_Fe_to_lyngbya_biomass/area)*ratio_Fe_complex_to_total_bioavail_Fe_lower9#    9  #  !" ##$%f^F? * ??? * >OV x???>OV x!>M_4^benthic_lyngbya uptake_Fe2_(benthic_lyngbya_growth*ratio_Fe_to_lyngbya_biomass/area)*ratio_Fe2_to_total_bioavail_Fe_lower9$    9  $  !" ##$%ss?*i??1}h*?*i?A]m????"h}AZ?"?A]mIRON_PRECIPITATE0\H+&JH\ !" ##$% c+YK??30 U????30 U?NS?????oS&??#?lH,ratio_Fe_complex_to total_bioavail_Fe_lowerZIF FE_COMPLEX_LOWER+FE2_LOWER>0 THEN FE_COMPLEX_LOWER/(FE_COMPLEX_LOWER+FE2_LOWER) ELSE 0 <              !" ##$% c$RM?U@???U@?:a@W????0 THEN FE2_LOWER/(FE_COMPLEX_LOWER+FE2_LOWER) ELSE 0!<              !" ##$%f4V?pE@9>E9F??>?>$_?pE@9>E9F>E/%l>E9F???>E/%l>E9F%>E/ influx_Fe_com_to_lower5normal_influx_Fe_comp_to_lower+pulse_Fe_com_to_lower/  /   !" ##$%f,W?L~K>x???L~K>x>s>?4&???>s>?4&&>>Fe_comp_precip-((FE_COMPLEX_LOWER/decay_time_Fe_complex)/2)16"  1    !" ##$%f0+Y?<愽>jRN???<愽>jRN>j?(>֘9k(???>j?(>֘9k('>jRN1loss_Fe_complex_due lateral_water_exchange_lower,(FE_COMPLEX_LOWER/lateral_mix_time_lower)/2S  S    !" ##$%f)$[?FN8[???FN8[= 95*???= 95(=S*loss_Fe2_due lateral_water_exchange_lower%(FE2_LOWER/lateral_mix_time_lower)/2S  S    !+Flow divided by 2 to convert to half days." ##$%c/@>@>??@>@>@>@>???@>@>?*@>0time_for_lyngbya_biomass_loss_due_tidal_current30 !" ##$%f Of?pR)C1???pR)C1>Wfo1,???>Wfo1Z+>VOLIs Fe2_precipP(((FE2_LOWER/(lifetime_Fe2))*effect_dissolved_oxygen_on_Fe2_oxidation_lower)/2)n6"    n    !-Flow converted by 2 to convert to half days." ##$%b ?i? zJ ??f3`? zJ *???,!net_flux_Fe2_from upper_sediment@((indicated_Fe2_efflux*effect_of_dissolved_oxygen_on_efflux)/2)l  l    !+Flow divided by 2 to convert to half days." ##$%b,cj ?$/{`C*???$/{`C*m^???m^-p6a-net_exchange_Fe_complex thru_vertical_mixingd(((FE_COMPLEX_LOWER-((FE_COMPLEX_LOWER+FE_COMPLEX_UPPER)*(depth_bottom_layer/2)))/vert_mix_time)/2)2kN24   2  k     N    !" ##$%b%Nl ?G;(wi\Ä???G;(wi\Ä=ɳ2*???=ɳ2.= 6&net_exchange_Fe2 thru_vertical_mixingO(((FE2_LOWER-((FE2_LOWER+FE2_UPPER)*(depth_bottom_layer/2)))/vert_mix_time)/2)3kN34   3  k     N    !+Flow divided by 2 to convert to half days." ##$%c,>E9F>E9F??>E9F>E9F>E9F>E9F???>E9E>E9F?/>E9Fnormal_influx_Fe_comp_to_lower-normal_influx_Fe_comp*(depth_bottom_layer/2)k%  k    !" ##$%c`??????????????0?Fe_reduction_time.1H   ? !" ##$%cz@@??@@@@???@@?1@decay_time_Fe_complex5Z& !" ##$%s2}?4d??VXbC???4d??VXbC?@p %?H!y????'*?H!y?2?@p %FE_COMPLEX_UPPER3initial_concentration_Fe_complex*depth_upper_layerabZ-^-W^Z     !" ##$%s k?MA0???MA0>JwC7 V???>$HhF?3>JwC7 V FE2_UPPER0 ab_.[.X_[ !" ##$%s#~@({@#bD-??@({@#bD-@(Cn@(????bqϚZ@(?4@(CnDISSOLVED_OXYGEN UPPER$oxygen_saturation*depth_upper_layerd55UVT  d   !" ##$%b1s ?P0.I):???P0.I):?tJ????tJ5?enkrv2Exchange_dissolved_oxygen_through_vertical_mixingt((DISSOLVED_OXYGEN_LOWER-((DISSOLVED_OXYGEN_LOWER+DISSOLVED_OXYGEN_UPPER)*(depth_bottom_layer/2)))/vert_mix_time)/2 4kN 44   4  k     N    !" ##$%"f @;2?m@??@;2?m@@;ܞa?˅FBaR???@;ܞa?˅FBaR6@Dissolved_oxygen_consumption(((benthic_lyngbya_respiration+C_in_lyngbya_benthic_detritus_decay+C_in_seagrass_detritus_decay+seagrass_C_respiration)*ratio_O_to_C)/area)+((Fe2_precip+Fe_comp_precip)*ratio_O_to_Fe) 89+&: D        8  9  + &  :   !" ##$%f$h @\(-6i??@\(-6i@@$hPU???@@$hPU7@@Qly%Dissolved_oxygen_replenishment_loweri(((seagrass_C_uptake+benthic_lyngbya_C_uptake)*ratio_O_to_C)/area)+oxygenation_thru_lateral_mixing_lower89qe $    8  9  q  !" ##$%c @\(\@\(\??@\(\@\(\@\(\@\(\???@\(\@\(\?8@\(\ ratio_O_to_C2.67U76V   @\( \!" ##$%cAcAc??AcAcAcAc???AcAc@?9Acarea1E7&}=WX !rJPpoU76V   Ac !" ##$%c ?=p =?=p =???=p =?=p =?=p =?=p =????=p <?=p =?:?=p =ratio_O_to_Fe.576V   ?=p =!" ##$%"c%?կѰc???կѰc????;&oxygenation_thru_lateral_mixing_upperIF conc_O2_upper?AA?  | 9  !" ##$%sA;&A_ ??A;&A_ A;&A_ ???AIBA_ ?>A;&SEAGRASS_DETRITUSSEAGRASS_BIOMASS=@?@ =!" ##$%fMAl%HAS??Al%HASA]ADYAS)???A]ADYAS?A]dG'Tseagrass_mortalityN(SEAGRASS_BIOMASS*morality_rate*shading_effect_of_lyngbya_on_seagrass_mort)/2=D=> = D      !*flow divided by 2 to convert to half days" ##$%fXAJsh,'~@ˮUq??AJsh,'~@ˮUqAH۽AC)???AH۽AC@AIBseagrass_detritus_decayY(SEAGRASS_DETRITUS*normal_seagrass_detritus_decay_rate*oxygen_limitation_factor_lower)/2>E> > E      !*flow divided by 2 to convert to half days" ##$%f ASA:{??ASA:{AP'XʕAS)???AP'XʕASAAP!seagrass_growth(SEAGRASS_BIOMASS*seagrass_max_fractional_growth_rate*seagrass_self_limiting_effect*shading_effect_of_lyngbya_on_seagrass_growth)/2=F{~=$ = F  {  ~    !*flow divided by 2 to convert to half days" ##$%c.??????????????B?/normal_lyngbya_ fractional_detritus decay_rate.05t   ? !" ##$%c ?PbM?PbM???PbM?PbM?PbM?PbM????PbM?PbM?C?PbM!normal_seagrass respiration_rate.001   ?PbM !" ##$%c ?`bM?`bM???`bM?`bM?`bM?`bM????`bM?`bM?D?`bMmorality_rate.002?   ?`bM !" ##$%c#?PbM?PbM???PbM?PbM?PbM?PbM????PbM?PbM?E?PbM$normal_seagrass_detritus_decay_rate.69/seagrass_detritus_halflife@  ?z G   !" ##$%c#?zG{?zG{???zG{?zG{?zG{?zG{????zG{?zG{?F?zG{$seagrass_max_fractional_growth_rate.02A   ?z G{!" ##$%g??????GSeagrass Sector!" ##$%f O?ѕ*???ѕ*,???ZH Fe_reductionP(((IRON_PRECIPITATE/Fe_reduction_time)*effect_of_dissolved_oxygen_on_efflux)/2)"0l" " 0  l    !-Flow divided by two to convertoto half days." ##$%g ??????I Iron Sector!" ##$%f ?QCNVF>UU???QCNVF>UU?Pɺ&>+%3D`m????Pɺ&>+%3D`mJ?PWfFe_from_detritus_decay(((benthic_lyngbya_detritus_decay*ratio_Fe_to_lyngbya_biomass)/area)+((floating_lyngbya_detritus_decay*ratio_Fe_to_lyngbya_biomass)/area))9"    9     9   !" ##$%g??????KDissolved oxygen sector!" ##$%cp@$@$??@$@$@$@$???@$@$?L@$normal_lateral_mix_time_lower10S !" ##$%cu??????????????M?normal_vert_mix_time1N !" ##$%c <x@#???@#?@ ?Nڬ????@ DQc??N@ ?Nܰvert_mix_time=normal_vert_mix_time/effect_lyngbya_density_on_vert_mix_timeMO-5.  M O  !" ##$%c'$ ?5??Š4????Š4?u/?t?????6. ??O?u3(effect_lyngbya_density_on_vert_mix_time%density_lyngbya/lyngbya_max_density_PNXX??ə?333334?ٙ??333333?ffffff?陙?????333333??(\)? =p?QR?ٙ?\(?zG{?zG{  P   !" ##$%ci@{ v???@{ v?@xVy*E????@xW=cL??P@xVy)9density_lyngbyaBENTHIC_LYNGBYA_BIOMASS/area9Ox   9  !" ##$%c,?H2;?A U???H2;?A U?qbP#?????%UrO??Q?o`Hoxygen_limitation factor_upper-conc_O2_upper/dissolved_O2__saturation_point t     !" ##$%c0@>@>??@>@>@>@>???@>@>?R@>1time_for_lyngbya_detritus_loss_due_tidal_current30 !" ##$%cH@U*^@$2I]??@U*^@$2I]@IY9C@@$2I]???@I^M5@$2I]?S@IY9lateral_mix_time_lowerInormal_lateral_mix_time_lower/effect_lyngbya_density_on_lateral_mix_timeLx'q(  L x  !" ##$%%f(@m ??@m @Cn???@CnT?T){F )super_sat_O2_release_to_atmosphere_upperIF conc_O2_upper>=oxygen_saturation THEN Dissolved_oxygen_replenishment_upper +(((conc_O2_upper-oxygen_saturation)*depth_upper_layer)*(DT/3)) ELSE 0dU4P  d    U  d           !flow is formulated for fastest possible realease of supersaturated O2 to atmosphere (within DT constraint). This flow represents release of supersaturated O2 through bubbling." ##$%f$q @Ҷe'??@Ҷe'@Cbcĩ???@CbcĩU?S -%Dissolved_oxygen_replenishment_upperr((floating_lyngbya_C_uptake*ratio_O_to_C)/area)+oxygenation_thru_lateral_mixing_upper+oxygenation_from_atmosphere89;yT4$  8  9  ;  y  !" ##$%f" @ ֿo?ȥ6??@ ֿo?ȥ6?%z!?ȥ6????%z!?ȥ6V?͕EM#Dissolved_oxygen_consumption_upper(((C_in_lyngbya_floating_detritus_decay+floating_lyngbya_respiration)*ratio_O_to_C)/area)+((oxidation_Fe2_upper+decay_Fe_complex_upper)*ratio_O_to_Fe)89[Z:44    8  9  [ Z  :   !" ##$%f"f?+JV???+JV?>????>W?#floating_lyngbya_uptake_Fe_complexg(floating_lyngbya_growth/area)*ratio_Fe_to_lyngbya_biomass*ratio_Fe_complex_to_total_bioavail_Fe_upper9a2  9    a  !" ##$%f_?f 3C???f 3C>Xz ???>Xz X>pf8floating_lyngbya uptake_Fe2`(floating_lyngbya_growth/area)*ratio_Fe_to_lyngbya_biomass*ratio_Fe2_to_total_bioavail_Fe_upper9b3  9    b  !" ##$%f*?xiwP? E???xiwP? E? \2b?N .B???? \2b?N .BZ? /ndecay_Fe_complex_upper+(FE_COMPLEX_UPPER/decay_time_Fe_complex)/221V2 2 1    !" ##$%fO?)9>]???)9>]>lXWS*???>lXWS[> t5oxidation_Fe2_upperP(((FE2_UPPER/lifetime_Fe2))*effect_dissolved_oxygen_on_Fe_II_oxidation_upper)/23cV3 3   c    !+Flow divided by 2 to convert to half days." ##$%fV?Z4???Z4?"eJ????"eJ\?"h}Aprecipitate_loss due_scour(IRON_PRECIPITATE/30)/2"" "     !" ##$%c#@??@????]Fe_complex_pulse$PULSE(Fe_complex_pulse_volume,10,0)s s   !" ##$%f(.?~.gP?df&E???~.gP?df&E?eU?r=a*????eU?r=a^?EQ)loss_Fe_complex_due_water_exchange_upper/(FE_COMPLEX_UPPER/lateral_mixing_time_upper)/222 2     !+Flow divided by 2 to convert to half days." ##$%f!' ?t%ϣ???t%ϣ>I*???>I_>{"loss_Fe2_due_water_exchange_upper((FE2_UPPER/lateral_mixing_time_upper)/233 3     !+Flow divided by 2 to convert to half days." ##$%f { ?R;Px???R;Px?Rn????Rn`?R{!net_flux_Fe2_from lower_sediment|(((effective_diffusion_cofficient*(initial_porewater_Fe2_conc-Conc_Fe2_porewater_upper_sediment))/depth_sediment_layers)/2)jw$  j    w    !" ##$% c+Y??ؐMD3????ؐMD3?ʁ?????O\V??a?ʁ-",ratio_Fe_complex_to total_bioavail_Fe_upperZIF FE_COMPLEX_UPPER+FE2_UPPER>0 THEN FE_COMPLEX_UPPER/(FE_COMPLEX_UPPER+FE2_UPPER) ELSE 023W< 2 3     2 2 3     !" ##$% c$R?㷺Y]???㷺Y]>-???>QTz?b>inTx%ratio_Fe2_to total_bioavail_Fe_upperSIF FE_COMPLEX_UPPER+FE2_UPPER>0 THEN FE2_UPPER/(FE_COMPLEX_UPPER+FE2_UPPER) ELSE 023X< 2 3     3 2 3     !" ##$%c0 ???????????????c?1effect_dissolved_oxygen_on_Fe_II_oxidation_upper conc_O2_upper/oxygen_saturationd[??ə?333334?ٙ??333333?ffffff?陙???tzG{?\(? =p ?GzH?\(?\(\?????   d  !" ##$%c%@@??@@@@???@@@?d@oxygen_saturation7 y4cleTn !" ##$%%f(l@[R-;??@[R-;@:W>~???@:W>~e@@X`)super_sat_O2_release_to_atmosphere_lowerIF conc_O2_lower>=oxygen_saturation THEN Dissolved_oxygen_replenishment_lower + (((conc_O2_lower-oxygen_saturation)*depth_bottom_layer)*(DT/3)) ELSE 0d7k P  d    7  d  k         !flow is formulated for fastest possible realease of supersaturated O2 to atmosphere (within DT constraint). This flow represents release of supersaturated O2 through bubbling." ##$%cM@@??@@@@???@@?f@water_colume_depth2 !" ##$%c?ffffff?ffffff???333333?333333?ffffff?ffffff?ffffff?ffffffQ????fffffe?ffffff@?g?ffffff porosity.7   ?ff ffff!RPercentage porewater in sediment. Value 0.6 taken as typical value (DiToro 2001)." ##$% c2@??@??????y]h|Z??h?day_night_switch1+(1*SIN(2*PI*TIME/2)) <              !" ##$%c?Y?Y?????Y?Y?Y?Y????Y?Y?i?YFe2_diffusion_coefficient.00007   ?Y !Percentage of difference between concentrations of Fe2 in porewater and water colume which effluxes per day due to molecular diffusion. Value 0.6 taken from DiToro (2001). The value is divided by 2 as the simulation time interval is half days." ##$%c1@$@$??@$@$@$@$@$@$???@$@$?j@$initial_porewater_Fe2_conc10` ! We assume that concentration of Fe2 in anoxic porewater is not significantly influenced over the time scale of the simulations." ##$%c??????????????k?depth bottom_layer.25 /p-5eq.   ? !" ##$%c$?:?MiB???ar?MiB???@?l%effect_of_dissolved_oxygen_on_efflux conc_O2_lower/oxygen_saturationdH,???333334?ə??333333?ffffff?ٙ???ᙙ?333333??fffffg??陙?333335??fffffi???Q? =p? =p ?Q   d  !Shape of graph function based on intuition. Assumes efflux of Fe (II) will become stronger as dissolved oxygen becomes increasingly anoxic." ##$%c;@$@$????@$@$@$@$x???@$@$@?m@$bioturbation_factornormal_bioturbation_factor !yAccording to Hoffman (1991) bioturbation can increase apparent diffusion coefficient (for oxygen flux) by up to 5 times." ##$%c.?E??T9????T9????????n?/effect_dissolved_oxygen_on_Fe2_oxidation_lower conc_O2_lower/oxygen_saturationd+???333334?ə??333333?ffffff?ٙ???ᙙ?333333??fffffg??陙?333335??fffffi??أ =p?GzH?zG? =p ? =p???????????????   d  !" ##$%cApvApv??ApvApvApvApv???ApvApv?oApvwater_volume_upperdepth_upper_layer*area9   9  !" ##$%cACAC??ACACACAC???ACAC?pACwater_volume_lowerdepth_bottom_layer*areak9  k 9  !" ##$%"c%+?/???/?+XrI????4塺0?q&oxygenation_thru_lateral_mixing_lowerIF conc_O2_lower?J=I.>[v???=Ł@?r=I4,Wpulse_Fe_com_to_upper9((inflow_Fe_complex_pulse*(depth_upper_layer/2))/area)/2u9$ u     9    !wIt is assumed that bioavailable iron from land sources enters the upper and lower water columns at an identical rate." ##$%c@@??@@@@???@@?s@Fe_complex_pulse_volume5] !" ##$%c!M? R_?g:U??? R_?g:U?6?????VP??t?~3"lyngbya_detritus_decay_rate_upperNnormal_lyngbya__fractional_detritus_decay_rate*oxygen_limitation_factor_upperBQ  B Q  !" ##$%c>YA#m٧??AD 3}A#m٧?83/>az????865(N?u?83/>iԑinflow_Fe_complex_pulse?SMTH1(quantity_Fe_complex_from_rain_pulse,(dispersion_time*2))vr  v     !First oder exponential smooth. This is used in place of an explicit spacial model (Ford, 1999 Modeling the Environment, page 368). Dispersion time is multiplied to convert from days to half days." ##$%cZ@@??@@@@@@???@@?v@dispersion_time4u !Mimics the time (in days) required for dispersion of Fe complex pulse from runoff and groundwater to disperse to uniform density across the study area.." ##$%c??????????????w?depth_sediment_layers.1`   ? !" ##$%c*$ ??\N?(\)?? =p?ۅQ?Q?QR?GzH?  } |  !" ##$%co@@@@??@@@@@@@@???@@@@?|@@max_seagrass_density500={ !" ##$%cp@@@wx #??@@@wx #@wx6@@???@wx@@?}@wx #seagrass_densitySEAGRASS_BIOMASS/area=9{  = 9  !" ##$%c,) ?w??0Fs??Ac2j?AAS ^??0Fs?5Z%?H????Y߬??~?5Z-shading_effect_of_lyngbya_on_seagrass_growth*total_lyngbya_biomass_/lyngbya_carry_capaA??ə?333334?ٙ??333333?ffffff?陙??????Q?zG? =p?=p >? =p? =p?Q?ə     !IShape and coordinates of graph function provisional based on best guess." ##$%cy@@??@@@@+???@@?@seagrass_detritus_halflife690E !,Figure from Hemminga MA, Duarte CM. (2000)." ##$%c% ???????????????depth_upper_layer&water_colume_depth-depth_bottom_layerfky42roT;  f k  !" ##$%c#A??A????$quantity_Fe_complex_from_rain_pulseFe_complex_pulse*1000000]u ] * A.  !" ##$%g?????? Physical dimensions & mix times!" ##$%c B??????????????? lifetime_Fe2.05[+   ? !" ##$%s  A+BuAc??A+BuAcANiAc???AyAc@?ANiBENTHIC_LYNGBYA BIOMASS1E7P   Ac !" ##$%sA!a??A!aAd&l-???A^{?Ad&l-FLOATING_LYNGBYA BIOMASS0 !" ##$%fgA~R??A~RAz}%)???Az}%Azspkfloat_to_surfaceh(BENTHIC_LYNGBYA_BIOMASS*fractional_rate_floating_to_surface*effect_benthic_lyngbya_density_on_float)/2        !*flow divided by 2 to convert to half days" ##$%f{ AZt_A8eYe??AZt_A8eYeA9 IA8eYe)???A9 IA8eYeA9Пbenthic_lyngbya_growth|(BENTHIC_LYNGBYA_BIOMASS*lyngbya_max_fractional_growth_rate*effect_bioavail_Fe_lower*effect_carry_capa_on_lyngbya_growth)/2 !$          !*flow divided by 2 to convert to half days" ##$%fa At澃c@z!"f??At澃c@z!"fAщA u]u)???AщA u]uAWdbenthic_lyngbya_mortalityb(BENTHIC_LYNGBYA_BIOMASS*lyngbya_normal_fractional_mortality_rate*(1-effect_bioavail_Fe_lower))/2$          !*flow divided by 2 to convert to half days" ##$%f| Ad_`???Ad_`?AFb8)???AFb8AF5)gfloating_lyngbya_growth}(FLOATING_LYNGBYA_BIOMASS*lyngbya_max_fractional_growth_rate*effect_bioavail_Fe_upper*effect_carry_capa_on_lyngbya_growth)/2WX$          !*flow divided by 2 to convert to half days" ##$%fb AlWMf[A??AlWMf[AAgɦ- )???Agɦ- AgN Bfloating_lyngbya_mortalityc(FLOATING_LYNGBYA_BIOMASS*lyngbya_normal_fractional_mortality_rate*(1-effect_bioavail_Fe_upper))/2$          !*flow divided by 2 to convert to half days" ##$%c"???????????????#lyngbya_max_fractional_growth_rate1 !" ##$%c(???????????????)lyngbya_normal_fractional_mortality_rate.05   ? !" ##$%c@@@@??@@@@@@@@???@@@@@?@@lyngbya_max_density 500Ox !" ##$%cA_ A_ ??A_ A_ A_ A_ ???A_ A_ ?A_ lyngbya_carry_capalyngbya_max_density_*area9~   9  !" ##$%E2A9eAcA_ A9eAcA9eAcAwgXYAc???Ax_GAc?AwgVRtotal_lyngbya_biomass 3BENTHIC_LYNGBYA_BIOMASS + FLOATING_LYNGBYA_BIOMASS~     !" ##$%c#) ????????) F(b?????"{X1???) F8k$effect_carry_capa_on_lyngbya_growth*total_lyngbya_biomass_/lyngbya_carry_capa??ə?333334?ٙ??333333?ffffff?陙?????333333?p =q? =p ?(\)?zG{?\(\?Q?QR     !" ##$%c'* ??7;{x???7;{x?;c????B"vl&??;{(effect_benthic_lyngbya_density_on_float+BENTHIC_LYNGBYA_BIOMASS/lyngbya_carry_capa??ə?333334?ٙ??333333?ffffff?陙???zG{?\(?p =q?     !" ##$%f3AhX??AhXAdy???AdyAdUm6detritus_sinking to_bottom4(FLOATING_LYNGBYA_DETRITUS/detritus_sinking_time)/2      !" ##$%sAxX??AxXAtUm6???Ah^?AtUm6FLOATING_LYNGBYA DETRITUS0 !" ##$%s A4ASb RA_ ?A4ASb RA4AUXaa???A1Ȑ_\AUXaa?A4BENTHIC_LYNGBYA DETRITUSbenthic_lyngbya_mortality/((normal_lyngbya__fractional_detritus_decay_rate/2)+(1/(time_for_lyngbya_detritus_loss_due_tidal_current*2)))BR  B    R      !" ##$%f?A#2{??A#2{A Tƞ)???A TƞA #> floating_lyngbya_detritus_decay@FLOATING_LYNGBYA_DETRITUS*(lyngbya_detritus_decay_rate_upper/2)tJ  t    !*flow divided by 2 to convert to half days" ##$%f>AK@X:w`??AK@X:w`AIAyy)???AIAyyAWחBXbenthic_lyngbya_detritus_decay?BENTHIC_LYNGBYA_DETRITUS*(lyngbya_detritus_decay_rate_lower/2) J      !*flow divided by 2 to convert to half days" ##$%f'3A~aϑ<5??A~aϑ<5Ayu)???AyuAyuV(floating_lyngbya_biomass_loss_due_drift4(FLOATING_LYNGBYA_BIOMASS/time_for_loss_to_drift)/2      !*flow divided by 2 to convert to half days" ##$%f(4A3@zWG9??A3@zWG9A0- )???A0- A0$^)floating_lyngbya_detritus_loss_due_drift5(FLOATING_LYNGBYA_DETRITUS/time_for_loss_to_drift)/2      !*flow divided by 2 to convert to half days" ##$%f'MA |`@Fpή5??A |`@Fpή5A Z)P>@y})???A Z)P>@y}A |`(loss_benthic_lyngbya_detritus_due_scourN(BENTHIC_LYNGBYA_DETRITUS/time_for_lyngbya_detritus_loss_due_tidal_current)/2R  R    !*flow divided by 2 to convert to half days" ##$%f&MA?5ҺNAXUUUUU??A?5ҺNAXUUUUUA06AXUUUUU+???A06AXUUUUUAuD!'loss_benthic_lyngbya_biomass_due_scourN((BENTHIC_LYNGBYA_BIOMASS/time_for_lyngbya_biomass_loss_due_tidal_current)/2)*  *    !,flow divided by two to convert to half days" ##$%g??????Lyngbya Sector!" ##$%c?ٙ?ٙ???ٙ?ٙ?ٙ?ٙ????ٙ?ٙ??ٙratio_C_to_ Lyngbya_biomass.4    ?ٙ !" ##$%c% ?I$I$?I$I$???I$I$?I$I$?I$I$?I$I$????I$I$?I$I$??I$I$ratio_bottom_layer_to_upper&water_volume_lower/water_volume_upperpo  p o  !" ##$%cAsAs??AsAsAsAs???AsAs?Astotal_water_volwater_colume_depth*areaf9  f 9  !" ##$%c?T΅jN???T΅jN>A ???>Cʿ[,?>A mTconc_Fe2_lowerFE2_LOWER/depth_bottom_layerk   k  !" ##$%c ?A% ???A% >>L9???>?۔ˑ?>>nconc_Fe2_upperFE2_UPPER/depth_upper_layer3  3   !" ##$%c (&@ >Y*_h@XpM??@ >Y*_h@XpM@l >@???@AV$ @?@g(~conc_O2_upper)DISSOLVED_OXYGEN_UPPER/depth_upper_layer4yQcT;  4   !" ##$%c ))@ K@?6{*@DD?@ K@?6{*@X&}@???@_|~@@?@S<;<conc_O2_lower*DISSOLVED_OXYGEN_LOWER/depth_bottom_layer kleqn   k  !" ##$%c"y?o^ ?2?W o???o^ ?2?W o?2M؁y?0d??ٰN>0d?ٰN>0d>Z?'j?aEjő?Z? conc_Fe_comp_lower$FE_COMPLEX_LOWER/depth_bottom_layerk   k  !" ##$%E#7?VB>\zH_???VB>\zH_>\z(,?cY|?\zH_conc_bioavail Fe_lower$conc_Fe_comp_lower + conc_Fe2_lower     !" ##$%E#8?o^ ?2MZ???o^ ?2MZ?2M\س??P?p ?pp?QEQE????py ?QEQE??p effect_bioavail Fe_lowerEconc_bioavail_Fe_lower/(conc_bioavail_Fe_lower+half_sat_bioavail_Fe)      !" ##$%s9Q?fffffg?“P NL???fffffg?“P NL?¸6$＂?fffffg????fffffg??¸6$＂PORE_WATER FE_2_UPPER_SEDIMENT:initial_porewater_Fe2_conc*porosity*depth_sediment_layersjgw`, j g  w  !" ##$%c!?h@$@О @4?@$@О @ 2@$???@u@$?@ +"Conc_Fe2_porewater_upper_sediment@PORE_WATER_FE_2_UPPER_SEDIMENT/(depth_sediment_layers*porosity)wg`  w g   !" ##$%c)# ???w?????w??4Bd?????4ɜ??R?4B*effect_benthic_population_on_bioturbation$BENTHIC_FAUNA/normal_cc_benthic_pop??ə?333334?ٙ??333333?ffffff?陙????Q?\(? =p ??=p >?fffffg?ۅQ?ᙙ?\(?     !" ##$%c"V??????????????R?#benthic_population_adjustment_time1 !" ##$%cU@$@$??@$@$@$@$???@$@$?@$normal_bioturbation_factor10m !" ##$%c24 ?]?rGE8?b*3???rGE8?b*3?߼R?rGE8????^k?rGE8?R?߼3effect_lyngbya_density_on_benthic_fauna_carry_capa5density_benthic_lyngbya_biomass/lyngbya_max_density_??ə?333334?ٙ??333333?ffffff?陙????Q?\(?GzH?׮zG?QR?QR?\(??(\)?     !" ##$%f d?r)9>]???r)9>]?:ݗk????:ݗk?:AR9%precip_Fe2_upper!DELAY((oxidation_Fe2_upper/2),1)[" [      !" ##$%cA9&*s)??A9&*s)@\뤿???@\뤾?lagged_seagrass respiration DELAY(seagrass_C_respiration,1)     !" ##$%cH@XG{@&Ay??@XG{@&Ay@)Ӏ@XG{???@)|v@XG{?R@)xbenthic_fauna carry_capacityInormal_cc_benthic_pop*effect_lyngbya_density_on_benthic_fauna_carry_capa     !" ##$%cv?ٙ?ٙ???ٙ?ٙ?ٙ?ٙ????ٙ?ٙ??ٙfrac_C_in_lyngbya.4   ?ٙ !" ##$%c)xAм0AN??Aм0ANA5T!AN???A6$) FAN?A5TC_in_benthic lyngbya_biomass*BENTHIC_LYNGBYA_BIOMASS*frac_C_in_lyngbya     !" ##$%c Aӛ:<A?Aӛ:<AAT???AAY Z?Ay8benthic_lyngbya C_uptakeIF day_night_switch<1 THEN (growth_per_day_benthic_lyngbya*ratio_C_to__Lyngbya_biomass)+lagged_benthic_Lyngbya_respiration ELSE 0h 74 h            !C uptake takes place over 12 hour period. Amount of C uptake is equal to C in growth, plus C in growth in preceeding 12 hour period, plus C respired in preceeding 12 hour period. " ##$%c~| A[~@??A[~@???Z?benthic_lyngbya respirationIF day_night_switch>1 THEN C_in_benthic_lyngbya_biomass*normal_lyngbya__respiration_rate*oxygen_limitation_factor_lower ELSE 0h 64 h            !" ##$%c6A|A(8eYe??A|A(8eYeAmA(8eYe???A"A(8eYe?A Çgrowth_per_day benthic_lyngbya7benthic_lyngbya_growth+DELAY(benthic_lyngbya_growth,1)       !" ##$%c@{ v???@{ v?@xVy*E????@xW=cL??@xVy)9 density_benthic_lyngbya_biomassBENTHIC_LYNGBYA_BIOMASS/area9   9  !" ##$%c*=?My1E[t???My1E[t?qn࿴zG????J{yR5zG?R?qn Wdiff_cc_&_benthic_pop+benthic_fauna_carry_capacity-BENTHIC_FAUNA     !" ##$%gR??????Bioturbation Sector!" ##$%c*.m@)y3b:???@)y3b:?@qΏo????@Lm&B??@q+shading_effect_of_lyngbya_on_seagrass_mort/1/shading_effect_of_lyngbya_on_seagrass_growth~?   ~  !" ##$% c?)E9F?)E9F???)E9F?)E9F?)E9F?)E9F????)E9E?)E9F??)E9Fnormal_influx_Fe_comp(INIT(benthic_lyngbya_uptake_Fe_complex)+INIT(Fe_comp_precip)+INIT(loss_Fe_complex_due_lateral_water_exchange_lower))*(2/depth_bottom_layer) &'k/<  !  & !   ' !    k   !" ##$%f3?(11j?&sEr???(11j?&sEr?&si@u^?&sEr????&si@u^?&sEr?&si<-influx_Fe_comp_upper4normal_influx_Fe_com_to_upper+pulse_Fe_com_to_upperr2   r  !" ##$%cT @-1!Hu@-1!Hu??@-1!Hu@-1!Hu@-1!Hu@-1!Hu!???@-1!Ht@-1!Hu?@-1!Hulateral_mixing_time_upperU(INIT(FE_COMPLEX_UPPER)/(INIT(influx_Fe_comp_upper)-INIT(decay_Fe_complex_upper)))/22Z;^_4 2 !   !  Z !      !"Formulated for equilibrium value." ##$%c!M? g?1GS??? g?1GS?HRt?????ڗM@???"lyngbya_detritus_decay_rate_lowerNnormal_lyngbya__fractional_detritus_decay_rate*oxygen_limitation_factor_lowerB  B   !" ##$% @ Z!  x;&a P~c '(Lyngbya sector)*+ }&PZ Z`M '( Fe sector)*+ }&P  '( C sector)*+ }&P   URb_  '( Seagrass)*+ }&PS S~F '( DO sector)*+ }&Fk@'()*+ }&F03@+sH'k33()*+ }&Fi@'()*+ }&F,x@pp'xhx()*+ }&F,@ p'h()*+ }&F@ Rz' Z()*+ }&F@ | ' ()*+ }&Fk@ '()*+ }& t@  '()smothering seagrass*+ }& t@Z 8b'()8C uptake & release through respiration & detritus decay*+ }& t@T 8 \'()8C uptake & release through respiration & detritus decay*+ }& tm)@m) (e!'())(Limiting effects on growth & mortality*+ }& t<@<  4 '() Iron uptake*+ }& t@ V'()WVOxygen release thru C uptake, Oxygen consumption through respiration & detritus decay*+ }& tA@A% 9-'()Bioavailability of iron*+ }& t#@#_ 'g'()('Consumption of DO through Fe oxidation*+ }& t@k s'()Upper & lower water column*+ }& tp@p h'()Upper & lower water column*+ }& t@n v'()Upper & lower water column*+ }& tk@k c'()Upper & lower water column*+ }& t@B/  J7'()Upper water column only*+ }&F9@3?'N;;77()*+ }&Fl@d/u'llm'm'V()*+ }& tN@N 1F '()1Limiting effects on respiration & detritus decay*+ }& tN>@N> 1F6'()1Limiting effects on respiration & detritus decay*+ }drmd _ uX  }!   8Z&c~2@ t7'()*+ &c@]'()*+ &aS @e'()*+ &c1@c'()*+ &cu@k 6'()*+ &c8^@.;_ & ;'()*+ &c@5 '()*+ &c @ '()*+ &c@a({'()*+ &aM6{@  5`'()*+ &a2WL@ #'()*+ &an~;V@ b>'()*+ &a&-h3@ ;^]'()*+ &c@ $%'()*+ &c+@N'()*+ &a2|`F[@B"'()*+ &c:B@0'()*+ &c| @r;'()*+ &a1x"@ F'()*+ &cPI@F k}'()*+ &sF @4u*'()*+ &c @='()*+ &ap"o@ Q '()*+ &aj:@ '()*+ &s@'()*+ &a@ '()*+ &c@6'()*+ &a.>2 9@u!'()*+ &auM@+C'()*+ &a L@y''()*+ &c\0@RwbC`'()*+ &aP8K@|K'()*+ &sw@ N2w'()*+ &cl@!b{|"'()*+ &a!w@"j'()*+ &ch@#^z$'()*+ &a# X@$h'()*+ &c @%@)'()*+ &c[@&Q*'()*+ &cl@'E0'()*+ &aSo@(j'()*+ &a%|@ )w'()*+ &a`&C@ *[H'()*+ &c@+2,-'()*+ &a@+Rq@,o'()*+ &a+ +1V@-N'()*+ &cD] @.1O1/0'()*+ &am/.j@/&NZ'()*+ &avB'.{8@0E^'()*+ &c.@1R4'()*+ &c+@2@3'()*+ &a 2E@ 3J'()*+ &a1W@ 4IS'()*+ &c @5}'()*+ &az@ 6u'()*+ &&a:iL@8'()*+ &c @9'()*+ &cv @:M'()*+ &aEo23h@;&7['()*+ &aKZ@<e'()*+ &c3F@=)#Zi@'()*+ &c @>'()*+ &az%K@ ?'()*+ &a =~MQ@ @5aF'()*+ &s@A Or6vI{'()*+ &s@B$ Ps7?J|'()*+ &ab)D@C].'()*+ &f #@Dd^ ESQCb'l()'&^^*+ &ddD@E[m'()*+ &f!@FhiGTR`'p()'(ii*+ &dhF@G_q'()*+ &ak,=@ H, '()*+ &a}AM%C@ I'()*+ &aOBK#@ J$'()*+ &c # @KROSJ'()*+ &a1}_@ L/'()*+ &c$@MtPTI'()*+ &a-@Nf6'()*+ &aAK@ O'()*+ &aBM@ P'()*+ &aYD@Q^'()*+ &akF@Rf'()*+ &aKD@ S'()*+ &aMF@ T'()*+ &dV@U'()*+ &fS%@V 8U^_'()'8X8*+ &fX&@W t;XX{r' XX3()' XX3*+ &a0zW0b*@XW"'()*+ &fHc'@Y TZr' HH ()' H*+ &dJY@ZAS!'()*+ &f>g(@[J\s' >>()' I*+ &d>[@\5G'()*+ &D @]0~ '()0closer look at iron variabling in a daily cycle*:+ &Dz @^!mL'()!ferous iron and iron precipitate*D+ &cX@_NdsUb'()*+ &a`8F@`[3'()*+ &DR @aEp'() Graph 3*N+ &a[_D@bV'()*+ &D|< @co.U'() Graph 4*X+ &D0 @dB'() Graph 5*f+ &&f\+@fWx]g|' \\_()' ]]_*+ &aCBf@g.]'()*+ &cFi@h<<m6SP'()*+ &b,@i='g=8'5()'gIg*+ &b-@jGv'&()'&O*+ &s3@k-4 !0H'()*+ &b.'@l#k/0?'+()''E*+ &aRd@mW'()*+ &aSn@n*|i'()*+ &aaS:(@o#f?'()*+ &cXL@pq'()*+ &apd<@qW'()*+ &acAY\@ rbF'()*+ &ahB[}r@ s Ad'()*+ &c@tP'()*+ &cM@u'()*+ &abAjkd@ v'()*+ &&cN@x{'()*+ &c8@y.S23'()*+ &c  1@z(?X'()*+ &aZAW8S@{ T'()*+ &a1Bf@| Y'()*+ &s2 @}( 3L'()*+ &s4@~j''()*+ &a%B G@ Yz7'()*+ &b5 @= D'5()':*+ &dH@?Q'()*+ &fGU 6@$SMc4{s'GG()'M8M*+ &fWv7 @F~Hvk'WW()'HH*+ &dU@L^'()*+ &aN7@I'()*+ &ags@ bx'()*+ &c@'()*+ &c8@-'()*+ &a_LH@ CdQ'()*+ &a@@ HP'()*+ &c 9@#d'()*+ &a4O@ 8L'()*+ &c5@S'()*+ &a\*@ 2'()*+ &atGEf}d@`'()*+ &a |9x_@='()*+ &c :@)'()*+ &aP@@  EU'()*+ &a~4e*@ '()*+ &a+@ 9'()*+ &c@.'()*+ &a|P@ wU'()*+ &aE@ J'()*+ &a|,@ Kr'()*+ &cP< @C]lh'()*+ &aYv@q^'()*+ &cu; @k,-G'()*+ &c@{_'()*+ &gzK@zr'(Dissolved oxygen sector)*+ &c8J@._x'()*+ &d @'()*+ &s,=@\q'()*+ &s>@ "'()*+ &f? @: `o'B()'  *+ &fU@ @ I'()'  *+ &d@ '()*+ &d`@Wi'()*+ &fA @` d vx'h()'  *+ &aF^.@ 4'()*+ &aN8@ l7'()*+ &ccC@U^o'()*+ &aY@ s'()*+ &cO@&x'()*+ &a`7@ "'()*+ &a'!G>@ Q'()*+ &a(^D<@ ='()*+ &cD@r'()*+ &ay-J@ '()*+ &c  @ W'()*+ &aX@ S'()*+ &a  @S@ X'()*+ &c{E@mz'()*+ &aa>{"@ Z'()*+ &aIG@ P'()*+ &a(@*'()*+ &c[ @&'()*+ &c%bF @5L'()*+ &aX8Z@ d$'()*+ &gMGM0'(Seagrass Sector)*+ &cpds@f-'()*+ &g`0I `0 }C( '( Iron Sector)*+ &dvT@mK]'()*+ &aX@ S'()*+ &a+n8\@ `'()*+ &aXP@ K]'()*+ &c@z'()*+ &cK<@Afe'()*+ &c0q @&3K'()*+ &cek @ [B'()*+ &a=@ R/p'()*+ &aP7&@ 5a`s'()*+ &c@4'()*+ &a0@ JX'()*+ &a@ HT'()*+ &aK3V@ Fz[8'()*+ &aWN0@ Y '()*+ &ct@ /'()*+ &cP@ m-'()*+ &a>F@*'()*+ &a?,\)@d'()*+ &a6&n@ V'()*+ &aO*4@