Units of Measurement
 energy Energy is measured in kwh (kilowatt-hour) or in aMW in this paper. An aMW is the same as 8,760 mwhrs or 8,760,000 kwh. It is the energy generated by 1 MW of power operating over the 8,760 hours in a year.
price of energy Energy prices are measured in mills/kwh or in $/mwh in this paper. There are 1,000 mills in a $, and 1,000 kwh in a mwh, so these prices are used interchangeably.


Acronyms and Terminology
 Aurora  Proprietary production simulation model used by the NPPC
 CCCT  Combined Cycle Combustion Turbine
 CEC  California Energy Commission
 CEGB  Central Electricity Generating Board (in the UK)
 CfD  Contracts for Differences (in the UK)
 CTC  Competitive Transition Charge (in California)
 LOLP  Loss Of Load Probability
 IOU  Investor Owned Utility
 IPP  Independent Power Producer
 NGC  National Grid Company (in the UK)
 NPPC  Northwest Power Planning Council
 Px  Power Exchange (in California)
 SMP  System Marginal Price
 UK  United Kingdom
 VLL  Value of Loss of Load



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