Exam 4 Biol 106 Spring 2004

NOTE SOME QUESTIONS HAVE BEEN REMOVED FROM THIS EXAM

1. Muscle cells are:

a. short and have single nuclei

b. long and have multiple nuclei

c. made out of spaghetti

2. Which of the following is NOT a step in the sliding filament model of muscle contraction:

a. ATP bound, head retracted and unattached

b. Hydrolysis of ATP does not cock head

c. Myosin head attaches to actin filament

d. Release of ADP + P_i causes a further conformational change pushing against the actin filament

3. The picture below is of a:

a. sarcoplasmic reticulum

b. sarcomere

c. smooth muscle

4. Tropomyosin-

a. binds to ATP

b. releases calcium

c. blocks the myosin binding sites on the actin filament when muscle is at rest

5. T tubules:

a. are a network of the fiber plasma membrane that goes deep into the muscle fiber and they release calcium.

b. Are motor neurons that innervate the muscle

c. Do not release calcium

6. Smooth muscle:

a. Is involuntary muscle

b. Is not a meshwork of actin and myosin,

c. cannot contract more (greater shortening) than striated muscle, and has sarcomeres

7. Type II muscle fibers

a. are fast

b. are slow

c. are completely USELESS for sprinting

8. increased temperature:

a. increases the rate of reactions

b. decreases the rate of reactions

c. has no effect on the rate of reactions

9. Endotherms

a. have an body temperature the same as the environment

c. use heat from metabolism to raise body temperature

d. eat vegetables only

10. Thermoregulation:

a. is regulation of body temperature

b. aliens eating the body parts out of humans for testing in automobile crash tests

c. democratic presidential candidates eating garbage out of fine bone china while wearing a dress and feeling rather perky.

11. Geese can avoid heat loss even though their uninsulated feet are in contact with ice because:

a. they have veins and arteries in their feet conducting countercurrent heat exchange

b. they have nuclear reactors inside their bodies

c. they have a thick layer of blubber on the outside of their feet.

12. Brown fat:

a. insulates the body of hibernating animals

b. generates heat for hibernating animals

c. is the end product of being a corrupt administrator at WSU

13. Which of the following is the least toxic nitrogenous endproduct:

a. ammonia

b. urea

c. uric acid

14. Osmolarity is:

a. the state of being in suspended animation over a river containing hungry crocodiles

b. # of solutes per volume solution

c. the concentration of oxygen in water

15. The osmolarity of seawater is:

a. higher than the osmolarity of marine fishes

b. around 2000 milliosmoles per liter

c. around 0 milliosmoles per liter

16. Marine fishes:

a. have to take up salts constantly

b. have a higher osmolarity than seawater

c. have to drink water constantly

17. Freshwater fishes:

a. All fear Ray Lee because he is the best fisherperson in the world

b. Have a lower osmolarity than freshwater

c. Have to produce urine constantly

18. Marine invertebrates like oysters contain high concentrations of:

a. amino acid osmolytes

b. amphetamines

c. weapons of mass destruction

19. One way to prohibit water loss for terrestrial (land) animals is to have:

a. A waxy cuticle that prevents water evaporation

b. The ability to sweat constantly

c. Amino acids

20. Which of the following animals does not need to drink water:

a. marine fishes

b. kangaroo rat

c. John Kerry

21. Anhydrobiosis is

a. requiring a lot of water to survive

b. the ability to lose up to 95% of body water during times of water scarcity

c. charging several thousand dollars per year tuition per student for a class of 270 students but only providing less than 25% of the revenue taken in for the class

22. The ultimate cause for behavior is:

a. day length

b. visual stimuli

c. natural selection

23. In the love bird study, hybrids of the two lovebird species:

a. produce nest strips of intermediate size

b. have genitalia that cannot fit into either species

c. are highly confused about their sexual orientation

24. A fixed action pattern is:

a. grubbing for money by university administrators

b. a sequence of behavioral acts that is unchangeable and usually carried to completion once initiated

c. a type of behavior that only can be triggered after hatching

25. For the stickle back fish aggression fixed action pattern, the sign stimulus is:

a. music by Mozart

b. visual stimuli in the shape of male sticklebacks

c. a red stripe on the bottom (ventral) side of approaching intruders.

26. Songbirds with large song repertoires

a. mate less with females

b. are generally older

d. are good fighters

27. Digger wasps recognize their nests by:

a. the position of objects such as pine cones or rocks

b. the global positioning system

c. day length

28. In vervet monkey learning:

a. adults learn to have large song repretoires

b. infants eventually learn the appropriate calls for predators like leopards and eagles

c. electrical shocks are administered to make them learn how to push buttons

29. Baby geese imprinting involves:

a. following the “mother” wherever she goes

b. attacking potential imposter chicks arriving at the nest

c. making playdough images of fake chicks and then having the baby geese peck them to death.

30. An example of classical conditioning is:

a. Wella Balsam shampoo

b. Pavlov’s dogs trained to salivate at the sound of a “bell”

c. Raven learning how to get at meat attached to a string

31. Sociobiology

a. applies evolutionary theory to the study of behavior

b. tries to get ants of different color together and see if they fight

c. shows that behavior does not confer any advantage on an individual

32. DISREGARD THIS QUESTION A good mate for humans and three spined stickleback fishes:

a. is ready to reproduce

b. is not necessarily the same species

c. shows not potential for parental investment

33. Male stalk eyed flies have large eyestalks to:

a. intimidate other males

b. attract females

c. see better.

34. Altruistic behavior is:

a. behavior that does not immediately benefit the individual

b. behavior that attracts mates

c. behavior that benefits the individual over others in the group

35. The figure above shows that:

a. female ground squirrels stay close to their place of birth

b. male ground squirrels stay close to their place of birth

c. female ground squirrels move away from their place of birth

36. DISREGARD THIS QUESTION According to kin selection, it is advantageous for a ground squirrel to give up his/her life to save:

a. one brother

b. two sisters

c. two sisters and one brother

44. If the rate of oxygen consumption increases from 2 at 10 degrees C to 6 at 20 degrees C, what is the Q10?

a. 6

b. 2

c. 3

45. The diagram above is of a lipid bilayer with:

a. saturated phospholipids

b. unsaturated phospholipids

c. random phospholipds

46. Cardiac muscle:

a. is voluntary muscle

b. is involutary muscle

c. is NOT striated

47. The thick filament of the sarcomere is made out of:

a. actin

b. myosin

c. titanium

48. Which of the following is NOT part of the sequence of events leading to muscle contraction

a. Motor neuron releases acetylcholine

b. Depolarization of the muscle fiber membrane results in action potentials

c. Action potentials trigger uptake of potassium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

d. Increased Ca⁺⁺ allows actin and myosin to slide against each other

50. An osmoconformer:

a. has an internal osmolarity that is the same as the environment

B. regulates its internal osmolarity

c. has an internal osmolarity that is always constant