Overview of Human Evolution
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Every year adds significant discoveries to our accumulating knowledge of our past. But because the evidence about human origins is much more complex and interesting and full of surprises than anyone guessed, each year has added to the number of questions as well.

There were, as it turned out, many ancestral species rather than a single one, and the human family tree appears tangled and bushy rather a simple trunk-and-branch. Below are typical specimens of hominds that have been discovered since 1891. The first specimens are human species, members of the genus Homo, and they are arranged left to right in chronological order in which they lived.

Modern Human

The differences between even the oldest members of the human line

Homo Habilis
Homo Erectus
Homo Sapiens
Neandertalensis

and the related Hominid species of the ape family (below) can readily be seen. The three Australopithicines--("Southern Apes") erect-walking, but ape members of the hominid family--on the right were contemporaries of the earliest human species.

A. Afarensis
A. Africanus
A. Robustus
A. Boisei

These three Australopithicines species are regarded as "cousins" to us rather than ancestors. However, the most ancient of the ape hominid species shown here, A. afarensis at left, is often regarded as ancestral to both humans and the other australopithicines.

You can examine these species in more depth in the section called "Hominid Species Timeline."


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