8. Nature and its three qualities or sub-principles are the basis of all action (karma)—this is what Krishna has argued earlier. Consciousness, however, is the source of all pain and pleasure, ie, it is the source of the pain and pleasure one feels in actions. This, in Sankhya philosophy, is an illusion, though. The consciousnees or spirit (purusha) feels pain and pleasure only because it is operating under the delusion that it is part of nature and part of the actions that are performed by it and around it. Moksha, or liberation, is the freedom from this delusion.