IV. Formation of States: Mesopotamia
& Egypt
A. Breakthrough to Irrigation Farming
| Tigris-Euphrates | Mesopotamia |
B. Sumerians
| Warka | Akkad | polytheism |
| ziggurat | cuneiform | Jericho |
| Ur | Sargon | Gilgamesh |
C. Beginnings of Empire
| Akkad | Enlil | Anu |
| Marduk | Inana (Ishtar) |
D. Ur III Dynasty
E. Babylon
| Amorites | Hammurabi | Shavash |
| Susa |
F. Egypt
| mastaba | Imhotep | Menes |
| pharoah | Memphis | nomes |
| Thebes | Re (Ra) | Amon |
| Osiris | I s i s | Horus |
| Anubis | Seth | Hathor |
| Toth | Hyksos | Giza |
| Cheops | Cephren | Sphinx |
| Luxor | Hatshepsut | Tutankhamen |
| Ramses | Hittites | Aton |
| Amenhotep | El Amarna | Akhtaten |
| Akhnaton | Nefertiti |