| Mecca | Hashim | Qurash |
| Khadija | Allah | Quran |
| Kabah | Islam | Muslim |
| Abutalib | Yathrib(Medina) | |
| hijrah (Hegira) |
B. Islam
| alms | Koran | Quran |
| mosque | Umma | ulema |
| zakat | Ramadan | hajj |
| Hadith | sharia |
C. Successors
| caliph | Abu Bakr | Umar |
| Uthman | Kufah | Umayyad |
| Muawijah | Ali | Aisha |
| Siffin | Kharijites | Damascus |
| Hasan | Yazid | Kerbala |
| Shiites | Sunnis | imam |
| Mahdi | mullahs | ayatollah |
| Cairo | Baghdad | Bey |
| Ottoman | Abd al-Malik | dirhem |
| Muhammad as-Salam Rashid | Husayn |