| Tokugawa Ieyasu | shogunate |
| Perry | bakufu |
A. Meiji Restoration 1868-1912
| daimyo | samurai | Satsuma | |
| Chosu | Edo | Formosa | Kyoto |
| zaibatsu | Mitsubishi | Tsushima |
B. Meiji Government
| bicameral | Diet | Ito Hirobumi |
| Seiyukai | Hara Takashi | Privy |
| Katsura Taro | Kenseikai | |
| Kato Komei | Kanagawa | Yoshinobu |
| Mutshuhito |
C. Rise of Militarism
| Taisho | Hirohito | Showa | Togo |
| Hamaguchi | Minseito | Banzai | |
| Inukai Tsuyoshi | Suzuki | Lytton | |
| Kwangtung | Manchukuo | Puyi |