Douglas, W. O. 1950. Of Men and Mountains. Harper, New York.
Franklin, Jerry F. and C. T. Dyrness. 1988. Natural Vegetation of Oregon and Washington. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis.
Mathews, Daniel. 1988. Cascade-Olympic Natural History: A Trailside Reference. Raven Editions, InterPacific Printing Corp., USA.
Moir, W. H. 1989. Forests of Mt. Rainier. Northwest Interpretive Association, Seattle.
Peattie, D. C. 1950. A Natural History of Western Trees. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
Norse, Elliott A. 1990. Ancient Forests of the Pacific Northwest. Island Press, Washington, D.C.
Ross, Robert A. and Henrietta L. Chambers. 1988. Wildflowers of the Western Cascades. Timber Press, Inc., Portland.
Taylor, Ronald J. and George W. Douglas. 1995. Mountain Plants of the Pacific Northwest. Mountain Press Publishing Company, Missoula, Montana.
Whitney, S. 1985. Western Forests. Knopf, New York.